Pregnancy is usualy considered to be a happy time. You are eagerly anticipating the birth of your little bundle of joy and are positively glowing with happiness. While this may be the experience of some, it is certainly not the experience of all mums-to-be. 

Pregnancy involves a lot of change and many thoughts about the future. For some this can result in increased stress and even Anxiety.

Anxiety refers to feelings of fear or dread about the future. It is a normal and useful response when triggered in the right context; namely when one's life is in danger. However, when it is triggered in the absence of physical threat it can be counterproductive and cause much suffering. 

During pregnancy women could become anxious about the safety of the baby, giving birth etc. A pregnant woman may be anxious about eating the wrong thing or she may be hypervigilant about her baby's movements. Equally a mum-to-be may be anxious about the changes to her body or how she will cope once baby comes along. This anxiety may continue when baby is born, morphing into anxiety about the baby’s ongoing safety, the mother’s ability to cope and being a 'good mum'.  This can compromise the wellbeing and adjustment of the mother and baby. 

The good news is that you are not alone and there are highly effective therapies for Anxiety.

Research shows that approximately 20% of pregnant or new mums experience depression or anxiety. Dads-to be and new dads can also experience depression or anxiety. Furthermore, studies have found therapy to be highly beneficial. In addition, social support and self-compassion have also been found to help reduce anxiety during this period. 

So, if you are pregnant and anxious I strongly recommend you talk to your GP and / or consult a Psychologist as soon as possible. In addition the following tips may be helpful:
Don’t go through it alone – as a mum-to-be / new mum it’s easy to feel the pressure to be happy and you may be afraid to open up to anyone. Yet, as we've already seen you are not alone, so don't go through it alone.  Talk to one or two people whom you trust will understand and support you. Talk to other mums who may have already been through this and have got through it. Ask trusted family and friends for practical support once baby comes along and even put a plan in place for support post birth. 
Take care of yourself – it’s easy to get so busy planning for baby that you lose sight of yourself. Yet making time to take care of yourself can make a big difference to your experience. One way of doing this is to make time for brief periods of rest, go for walks, ensure adequate sleep before baby comes long and ensure you are engaging with friends and family. 
Be your own best-friend - if your friend was anxious would you simply tell them to "toughen up" or "get over it"? I hope not! So, if you are experiencing anxiety treat yourself with the same compassion that you would extend to a friend. The first step here is to notice and acknowledge your feelings. Acknowledge that it is difficult and then extend kindness to yourself. Speak to yourself kindly and compassionately and do something nice for yourself such as a soothing activity or a self-care activity. 
Practice mindfulness- Anxiety is about the future. You expect something bad to happen in the future, no matter how near that future may be. So grounding yourself in the present can be helpful. There are several helpful apps out there such as Smiling Mind or Mind the Bump to help with this.

So if you are pregnant and anxious, please remember you are not alone, you are simply human, speak to your GP or a Psychologist and try out one or more of our tips above. 

Finishing school, starting university, starting your first job, having a baby,.. all of these are positive changes. They are changes people pursue.  So, it can be quite a surprise when you start feeling anxious about these changes. We usually associate anxious feelings with negative experiences and it can be a rude shock when a positive change brings about an anxious response in you. So why does this happen?

Anxiety is the body’s defence mechanism. It is the body’s response to our brains believing that we are in danger. When faced with something new, no matter how badly we wanted it, our brains can perceive it as dangerous. The fear of things not turning out as hoped, the fear of the unknown and doubts about our ability to meet the new demands are just some of the reasons that positive change can trigger anxiety in humans. So, how can you manage these transitions well?

1. Write it out – when starting something new you can feel overwhelmed with thoughts about the change. “What if it doesn’t work out?” “What if my new teacher (boss etc) doesn’t like me?” “What if I make mistakes?” and “what if I don’t cope?” for example. Having these thoughts swirling in your mind can trigger an anxious response in your body. Writing the thoughts down can be helpful. Writing is so simple and yet so powerful. Putting your thoughts on paper downloads them from your mind and can in itself give you relief. Importantly, writing also allows you to see your thoughts and decide which ones are real problems to work on, and which are simply fearful predictions with no real basis to them. Spend a few minutes "dumping" your thoughts on paper each day. The next day review what you have written and determine whether you need to take action on these thoughts or not.
2. Maintain a balanced perspective – Often when starting something new your brain, in an effort to protect you, starts thinking about everything that could go wrong. In doing so it generally ignores all the ways in which things could go well. So remember to think about what could go right too. For example, you may think “what if my new boss (or teacher) hates me?” Acknowledge that this could happen, but is it not equally likely that your new boss or teacher may like you? No-one is asking you to predict the future but since your brain may naturally do that in an effort to protect you, it is helpful to balance the picture out by recognising that, yes, things could go wrong, but they are equally likely to go well, unless you have clear evidence that things are likely to go wrong.
3. Get informed – if you don’t know what to expect your brain may take some poetic license and imagine all sorts of catastrophic outcomes. Gather as much useful information as possible so that you feel prepared for the change ahead. For example, if you are starting university check out the university’s website, visit campus a few times, work out how you will get there and learn where all your lectures will be held etc.
4. Accept that there is no such thing as the “right” decision – often people agonise over decisions; “Is this the right job for me?” “Is this the right course for me…?” The fact is that none of our decisions come with guarantees and that’s what we are really looking for when we try to make the :”right” choice. Do your research, make your decision and then decide that it will be the right choice for you. Research has found that the more committed we are to our decisions the more comfortable we are with them, not the other way around.  So once you’ve made a decision, commit to it and determine to make the most of it, being indecisive leads to less satisfaction regardless of the decision.
5. Take care of yourself – self-care is important if we are to navigate change well. So as much as it is within your control get enough sleep, eat well, exercise and stay social.

The next time you embark on something new, no matter how much you wanted it, don’t be surprised if you feel a little anxious, and if you do try out some of the strategies above and see which ones work best for you.

Resilience is a concept gaining in popularity as people become increasingly aware of its importance. Resilience has many definitions, but they all have one thing in common: adversity! Resilience is experienced, expressed and evidenced in the face of adversity. No challenge = no proof of resilience.

So what is resilience? Resilience is the ability to bounce back in the face of adversity. It does not mean that you don’t feel pain, sadness, hurt, anger etc. Nor does it mean that life never gets on top of you. It does mean that you bounce back, recover and don’t get stuck in life’s sticky places. There are many factors that increase resilience and one of these is optimism. Research has repeatedly found that the optimistic are generally more resilient. If you think that your child is naturally a “glass half empty” kinda kid then take heart; optimism can be learned and here’s some simple steps to cultivate optimism in your child:
1.     Teach your child to stick to the facts and not over-generalise
When something bad happens the words we use both in our thinking and speaking can impact our response to the event and our ability to maintain an optimistic posture. Imagine for example that your child has a disagreement with a friends at school. If your child says something like “nobody ever wants to play with me and bad things always happen to me” they are over-generalising. Instead help them to be more accurate and specific in their description of the challenge for example “My friend and I didn’t get along today, and I’m sad about this, but on most days we play well together”. This is realistic because you are not denying the facts, nor the pain of the experience, but you are doing also avoiding the pitfall of exaggeration.  
2.     Stick to the present, don’t fortune-tell
Worrying is a normal human practice and children worry too. There is no need to stop a child from worrying. However, it is important to teach your child the difference between thinking about the future and being absolutely convinced that their negative predictions will happen. Considering and preparing for realistic possibilities can be quite helpful; being overly confident in our ability to predict the future can be quite unhelpful. Imagine your child is starting High School and worries that their teacher will “mean”, the work will be too hard and they won’t have any friends. Take a sheet of paper and divide it into two columns. Title one column “Bad things that could happen”. Title the other column “Other things that could happen” Then in each column list as many possibilities as you can come up with. Help your child to recognise that they don’t know what their teacher will be like yet, they may “mean” , and maybe they will be “kind” or “interesting” or even “fun”. "Yes, you may not have any friends when you start High School and on the other hand you may meet some interesting people and you may be about to meet your future bestie in High School". This approach does not deny the possibility of bad things happening, but it recognises that your child doesn’t know the future and has just as much reason to expect things will go well as they do to expect things to go badly.
3.     Zoom out - don’t get stuck looking through the microscope
​Our brains are amazing problem solvers and when faced with a problem our brains naturally zoom in and focus on the problem in an effort to find a solution. This is really helpful when the problem can be solved. Regardless, keeping the problem in perspective helps your child remain optimistic. When faced with a problem, talk it through with your child and help your child accept their feelings as valid, problem-solve with them and then help them also notice other things in their life that they care about and are grateful for. For example, “You may be finding maths hard right now, so let’s do some extra practice on the weekends and also notice how well you are doing in reading, how kind your teacher is and how much fun you had at sport today.” Alternatively, after discussing the problem / challenge with your child ask your child about the good things that happened in their day or the things they are thankful for.
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Optimism is the ability to maintain a sense of hope for, and confidence in the future. Teaching children to be specific about their challenges, entertain possibilities for the future and notice the gold among the challenge helps cultivate optimism and therefore resilience in our children.

Mindfulness has captured the world’s imagination. So I’m sure you’ve heard of it. Perhaps you've even given it a try, or maybe it sounds like a great idea but you haven't got around to trying it yet.  

As a Clinical Psychologist and a mum, I both practice and teach Mindfulness. However despite its popularity, or perhaps because of it, there is still a lot of confusion about what mindfulness is in the first place, and there are quite a few myths about mindfulness that could stop you from experiencing the full benefits of it.

Myth #1 – You need peace and quiet to practice Mindfulness 
Not quite! The whole point of mindfulness is simply to be present, whatever your present may look like. In fact, this is one of the biggest reasons I like mindfulness. Let’s face it, how many of us mums have 2 minutes to brush our teeth in silence, much less 20 minutes to meditate each day? The good news is you don’t need to sit still in complete silence to practice mindfulness. Mindfulness comes in various forms and shapes, including informal mindfulness that you can practice on the go.  You can drop anchor and channel your attention to the here and now anywhere, at anytime. I often find it most helpful in the busiest moments of all, to simply draw a breath and intentionally focus my attention.

Myth #2 – Mindfulness involves emptying your mind
Not so! It’s called mindfulness not mindlessness or mind-emptiness for a reason! Rather than emptying your mind, mindfulness helps you to become more aware of your thoughts and feelings, as well as your external environment. This in turn can help you to make informed choices about your behavior. For example, you may become aware that your heart rate is increasing, your muscles are clenching, you are feeling angry and you are having thoughts such as “he's being an idiot!” Being mindful of these thoughts and feelings means that you can then make an informed choice as to what you do with these thoughts and feelings. Do you:  Give full vent to them? Walk away? Draw a breath and speak in a calm manner? Get some help to learn how to manage such thoughts and feeling? The choice is yours (perhaps with a lot of practice).
 
Myth #3 – It is important to be mindful all the time
Again, not quite! Our minds have the ability to dwell on the past and ruminate about the future for a reason. There are benefits to reflecting on the past. We can learn from it, modify future behavior and make changes to our environment by reflecting on what worked and didn’t work in the past. Thinking about the future also has significant benefits, such as helping us to anticipate and prepare for barriers to our success or wellbeing. However, it isn’t always helpful to get caught up in our thoughts about the past and the future, and mindfulness can help us take a break from the seemingly constant buzzing of our minds by dropping anchor for brief periods of time.

Myth #4 – Mindfulness is a cure-all
If only! There is no such thing as a panacea when it comes to mental health. While mindfulness has been found to have tremendous benefits in helping to manage stress, improve concentration, improve sleep etc it is not a cure-all. If you suffer from Depression or Anxiety for example mindfulness can actually bring up painful thoughts and feelings and without knowing what to do with these thoughts and feelings it can worsen rather than improve your suffering. Mindfulness can be a great part of the therapeutic process for mental health concerns, but it will not necessarily work as a stand-alone intervention. If you think that you may be experiencing depression or anxiety talk to your local GP who can point you in the right direction. 

Got any questions about mindfulness? Enter them in the comments below and I'll get back to you.